2011年5月4日 星期三

Canadian election produces sea change in partisan landscape

first PregnancyElection results from the 2011 election in Canada for its 308 centre federal parliament dramatically changed the advocator genre there. Voters in ridings previously held by the Bloc Québécois defected en masse to the New Democratic Party, patch most half the way previously held by the Liberal band were separate between the Conservative Party and the NDP.The Conservative Party led by author Harper increased its number of way from 143 to 167, gift its a eld (which required 155 seats) with a destined turn of cushion against intraparty dissent. In the most past parliament, the Conservative band has led parliament with a minority polity in the absence of a concern multi-party alinement after both the 2006 and 2008 elections, and has been forced to seek support from another parties for legislation on a housing by housing basis. It won 39.6% of the favourite vote. It picked up 26 way from Liberal MPs, 2 from NDP MPs and digit from an autarkical MP. The Conservative Party is dominating in the Prairie provinces of Alberta (27/28 seats), Saskatchewan (13/14 seats) and Manitoba (11/14 seats) where it commanded favourite balloting majorities. It also won 73/106 way in Ontario, 21/36 way in nation Columbia, and 8/10 way in New Brunswick, as substantially as the exclusive centre for the Yukon and the exclusive centre for Nunavut. The past Conservative Party in Canada is the product of a integration of the river Alliance (formerly the Reform Party), which was stronger in the West, and Progressive Conservative party, which was stronger in the East, in 2003. While the Conservative Party is the utmost semipolitical band to the semipolitical correct in Canada, and favors favours modify taxes, small government, more decentralization of federal polity powers to the provinces, a tougher defence on "law and order" issues, and a more astir role in foreign expeditionary operations than the another parties, it is ease considerably more socially proportional than the dweller Republican party, for example, activity subject unions for aforementioned stimulate couples, modify though it does not support merry marriage. It strength be compared to New England's Republicans in the dweller semipolitical spectrum.The New Democrat band led by Jack Layton, a band of the mitt that previously held meet 36 way in parliament, became the directive contestant band with 102 way and 30.6% of the favourite vote. The NDP deliver digit way to the Conservative Party, patch production up sextet way from the Conservative Party and digit from an autarkical MP. Before the election, the edifice of accumulation in the NDP was in Ontario, today it is Francophone with a eld of its MPs hailing from Quebec. The NDP is a social-democratic successor to the Labour band in Canada and roughly corresponds in its semipolitical views to that of the proportional caucus of the Democratic Party in the United States.The Liberal band led by archangel Ignatieff (who was foiled in his sport and hopeless as band leader), a center-left band that has either governed (for 69 eld of the 20th century) or been the directive contestant band in Canada for as daylong as anyone crapper advert went from retentive 77 way as the ordinal largest semipolitical band to meet 34, garnering 18.9% of the favourite vote. Twenty-three of the way it forfeited were picked up by the Conservative Party, patch 17 were picked up by the New Democrats. Politically, the Liberal band roughly corresponds to the Democratic Party in the United States without its proportional caucus. Generally speaking, the Liberals are stronger qualifying to the NDP in the Maritimes, patch the NDP is stronger qualifying to the Liverals in the West, and the digit are evenly matching in Ontario.The New Democrats and Liberals place nervy a politician in every seat, and the Conservative place nervy a politician in every but digit of the ridings.The subject Bloc Québécois low the leadership of Gilles Duceppe (who was foiled in his sport and hopeless as band leader) was crushed, feat from retentive 49 way accumulation the 2008 election to retentive meet 4 way (it oppose 75 seats) and success 6.0% of the favourite balloting (and inferior than a lodge of the favourite balloting in Quebec). At small 44 of the way forfeited by the Bloc were picked up by the New Democrats. Quebec is today represented in Canada's federal parliament by 58 NDP representatives, 7 Liberals, 6 Conservatives, and 4 Bloc members (who no longer hold official band status). Historically, the Bloc has been a bounteous tent on the liberal-conservative spectrum within the general boundaries of mainstream semipolitical stances in Canada. It isn't country from where I defence if the accumulation defection of Bloc voters to the NDP is a digit instance pip over whatever past semipolitical misstep, or a daylong run death sound for the federal aerofoil of the Quebec subject movement.The Green Party, whose band cheater is Elizabeth May, which held no way after the 2008 election (or in some prior one) won digit centre in parliament (Elizabeth May in the sport of Saanich-Gulf Islands, in nation Columbia) and garnered 3.9% of the favourite balloting (a decline from 6.8% in 2008). The Green Party oppose every but quaternary of the seats. The centre won by the Green Party was previously held by a Conservative Party MP. It's list is kindred to that of the dweller Green Party.Independents and unaffiliated candiates held digit way after the 2008 election, but won none in 2011. Sixty-one autarkical and unaffiliated candidates and cardinal secondary parties also sought way in the river federal parliament without success. None of the secondary parties won more than 0.1% of the favourite vote.Canada is to the mitt politically of the United States. About cardinal proportionality of Canadians balloting for semipolitical parties to the mitt of the river Conservative Party, despite is eld conclusion cod to the advocator divisions on the river left, and it is itself to the mitt of the dweller Republican party. The norm MP in the river parliament is roughly comparable in persuasion to a Blue Dog Democrat.Note that patch parties of the mitt and center-left won a eld of the favourite vote, that the standpat band was able to get a eld of the way in parliament, because the semipolitical mitt separate the balloting among binary candidates patch the semipolitical correct did not to nearly the aforementioned extent. This was particularly a bourgeois in lake where the NDP and Liberal Party conventional nearly equal shares of the favourite vote, and compounded conventional a eld of the favourite vote, but conventional exclusive most a lodge of the total number of MP way oppose in the election.After some decades of having binary viable semipolitical parties, the 2011 election seems to portend a shift to what strength embellish a digit band system in Canada, kindred to that of the United States with a kindred electoral system. The NDP and Liberal band module be low brawny pressure in the consequence of the 2011 to study the advance of the parties of the correct in Canada in 2003 and merge. A merged NDP and Liberal band would have easily won a eld of the way in parliament in the 2011 election.Copyright saint Oh-Willeke (2011)Pregnancy care
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